feat: a baby is born?

pyproject.toml

@@ -11,5 +11,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "tqdm>=4.66.5",
     "numpy>=2.1.2",
     "pyqt6>=6.7.1",
+    "scipy>=1.15.2",
+    "seaborn>=0.13.2",
 ]
 

src/ddpm/generate_circle_dataset.py

@@ -1,14 +1,51 @@
 import numpy as np
+from scipy.ndimage import label, center_of_mass
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
+
 from tqdm import tqdm
 import os
 
 from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
 from itertools import repeat
 
-RED = np.array((0xCC, 0x24, 0x1D))
-GREEN = np.array((0x98, 0x97, 0x1A))
-BLUE = np.array((0x45, 0x85, 0x88))
-BACKGROUND = np.array((0x50, 0x49, 0x45))
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+
+RED = (0xCC, 0x24, 0x1D)
+GREEN = (0x98, 0x97, 0x1A)
+BLUE = (0x45, 0x85, 0x88)
+BACKGROUND = (0x50, 0x49, 0x45)
+
+
+def create_sample_antialiased(
+    id: int, image_size: int, distance: int, radius: int, delta: int, scale=4
+):
+    # Scale up the image dimensions
+    high_res_size = image_size * scale
+    high_res_radius = radius * scale
+
+    # Create a blank high-res image
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (high_res_size, high_res_size), BACKGROUND)
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+
+    # Random centers for the two circles at high resolution
+    dist = float("inf")
+    while (dist < (distance - delta) * scale) or (dist > (distance + delta) * scale):
+        x0, y0 = np.random.randint(
+            low=high_res_radius, high=high_res_size - high_res_radius, size=2
+        )
+        x1, y1 = np.random.randint(
+            low=high_res_radius, high=high_res_size - high_res_radius, size=2
+        )
+        dist = np.sqrt((x0 - x1) ** 2 + (y0 - y1) ** 2)
+
+    # Draw anti-aliased circles using PIL's ellipse method
+    draw.circle((x0, y0), high_res_radius, fill=GREEN)
+    draw.circle((x1, y1), high_res_radius, fill=BLUE)
+
+    # Downsample the image back to the target resolution with anti-aliasing
+    im = im.resize((image_size, image_size), resample=Image.LANCZOS)
+    return id, np.array(im)
 
 
 def create_sample(id: int, image_size: int, distance: int, radius: int, delta: int):
@@ -30,26 +67,52 @@ def create_sample(id: int, image_size: int, distance: int, radius: int, delta: i
         dist = np.sqrt((x0 - x1) ** 2 + (y0 - y1) ** 2)
 
     # Draw the circles
+
     xx, yy = np.mgrid[:image_size, :image_size]
-    circle0 = (xx - x0) ** 2 + (yy - y0) ** 2
-    circle1 = (xx - x1) ** 2 + (yy - y1) ** 2
 
-    img = (
-        img
-        + circle0[:, :, None] * GREEN[None, None, :]
-        + circle1[:, :, None] * BLUE[None, None, :]
-    )
+    # Create boolean masks for the circles based on the radius
+    mask0 = (xx - x0) ** 2 + (yy - y0) ** 2 <= radius**2
+    mask1 = (xx - x1) ** 2 + (yy - y1) ** 2 <= radius**2
+
+    # Apply the colors to the pixels where the mask is True
+    img[mask0] = GREEN
+    img[mask1] = BLUE
 
     return id, img
 
 
-def generate_circle_dataset(
-    num_samples=1_000_000,
-    image_size=64,
-    radius=5,
-    distance=20,
-    delta=5,
-):
+def detect_circle_centers(image, background=BACKGROUND, threshold=30):
+    """
+    Detects centers of circles in an image by finding connected components
+    that differ from the background color.
+
+    Args:
+        image (np.ndarray): The image array with shape (H, W, 3).
+        background (np.ndarray): The background color to ignore.
+        threshold (int): The minimum per-channel difference to consider a pixel
+                         as part of a circle.
+
+    Returns:
+        centers (list of tuples): List of (row, col) coordinates for each detected circle.
+    """
+    # Compute the absolute difference from the background for each pixel.
+    diff = np.abs(image.astype(np.int16) - np.array(background).astype(np.int16))
+    # Create a mask where any channel difference exceeds the threshold.
+    mask = np.any(diff > threshold, axis=-1)
+
+    # Label connected regions in the mask.
+    labeled, num_features = label(mask)
+
+    centers = []
+    # Compute the center of mass for each labeled region.
+    for i in range(1, num_features + 1):
+        center = center_of_mass(mask, labeled, i)
+        centers.append(center)
+
+    return centers
+
+
+def generate_circle_dataset(num_samples, image_size, radius, distance, delta):
     """
     Generate a dataset of images with two circles (red and blue) and save as numpy tensors.
 
@@ -63,7 +126,7 @@ def generate_circle_dataset(
 
     with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=32) as executor:
         for i, sample in executor.map(
-            create_sample,
+            create_sample_antialiased,
             range(num_samples),
             repeat(image_size),
             repeat(distance),
@@ -74,17 +137,52 @@ def generate_circle_dataset(
             yield i, sample
 
 
+def visualize_samples(dataset: np.array, output_dir: str):
+    # Define the grid size (e.g., 5x5)
+    grid_size = 5
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(grid_size, grid_size, figsize=(10, 10))
+
+    for i in range(grid_size):
+        for j in range(grid_size):
+            idx = i * grid_size + j
+            if idx < len(dataset):
+                img = dataset[idx]
+                axes[i, j].imshow(img)
+                centers = detect_circle_centers(img)
+                # Plot each detected center in red. Note that center_of_mass returns (row, col)
+                for center in centers:
+                    axes[i, j].scatter(center[1], center[0], c="red", s=20)
+                axes[i, j].axis("off")
+
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    plt.savefig(os.path.join(output_dir, "sample_grid.png"))
+    plt.close()
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     # Create output directory if it doesn't exist
     total_samples = 1_000_000
-    image_size = 64
+    image_size = 32
+    distance = 11
+    delta = 4
+    radius = 3
 
     output_dir = "data/circle_dataset"
     os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
 
     dataset = np.empty((total_samples, image_size, image_size, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
-    iterator = generate_circle_dataset(num_samples=total_samples)
+    iterator = generate_circle_dataset(
+        image_size=image_size,
+        num_samples=total_samples,
+        distance=distance,
+        delta=delta,
+        radius=radius,
+    )
     for i, sample in tqdm(iterator, total=total_samples):
         dataset[i] = sample
 
-    np.save(os.path.join(output_dir, "data_map.npy"), dataset)
+    visualize_samples(dataset, output_dir)
+
+    # Save the dataset
+    np.save(os.path.join(output_dir, "data32.npy"), dataset)
+    # np.savez_compressed(os.path.join(output_dir, "data.npy.npz"), dataset)

src/ddpm/sample.py

@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 from typing import Dict
+from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
 import torch
 from tqdm import tqdm
+import matplotlib
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import seaborn as sns
 import numpy as np
 from train import extract, get_diffusion_params
-from train import TIMESTEPS, IMAGE_SIZE, CHANNELS, DDIM_TIMESTEPS, NORM_MEAN, NORM_STD
+from train import TIMESTEPS, IMAGE_SIZE, DDIM_TIMESTEPS
 from model import UNet
 
+from generate_circle_dataset import detect_circle_centers
+
+matplotlib.use("Agg")
+
 torch.manual_seed(1)
 device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
 
+GENERATE_SYNTHETIC_DATA = False
 
+
+@torch.compile
 @torch.no_grad()
 def ddpm_sample(
     model: torch.nn.Module,
@@ -83,11 +93,11 @@ def ddpm_sample_images(
     """Generate new images using the trained model"""
     x = torch.randn(batch_size, channels, image_size, image_size).to(device)
 
-    for t in tqdm(reversed(range(TIMESTEPS)), desc="DDPM Sampling", total=TIMESTEPS):
+    for t in tqdm(
+        reversed(range(TIMESTEPS)), desc="DDPM Sampling", total=TIMESTEPS, leave=False
+    ):
         t_batch = torch.full((batch_size,), t, device=device, dtype=torch.long)
         x = ddpm_sample(model, x, t_batch, params)
-        if t % 100 == 0:
-            show_images(x)
 
         if x.isnan().any():
             raise ValueError(f"NaN detected in image at timestep {t}")
@@ -121,53 +131,230 @@ def ddim_sample_images(
 
     for i in tqdm(range(len(timesteps) - 1), desc="DDIM Sampling"):
         t = torch.full((batch_size,), timesteps[i], device=device, dtype=torch.long)
-        x_before = x.clone()
         x = ddim_sample(model, x, t, params)
 
         if x.isnan().any():
             raise ValueError(f"NaN detected at timestep {timesteps[i]}")
 
-        if i % 10 == 0:
-            show_images(x)
     return x
 
 
 def show_images(images: torch.Tensor, title=""):
     """Display a batch of images in a grid"""
-    mean = torch.tensor(NORM_MEAN).to(device).view(1, 3, 1, 1).expand_as(images)
-    std = torch.tensor(NORM_STD).to(device).view(1, 3, 1, 1).expand_as(images)
-    images = (images * std + mean).clip(0, 1)
-    images = images.detach().cpu().numpy()
-
     for idx in range(min(16, len(images))):
         plt.subplot(4, 4, idx + 1)
-        plt.imshow(np.transpose(images[idx], (1, 2, 0)))
+        plt.imshow(images[idx])
+        # plt.imshow(np.transpose(images[idx], (1, 2, 0)))
         plt.axis("off")
     plt.suptitle(title)
-    plt.draw()
-    plt.pause(0.001)
+    plt.savefig("media/circles-predicted.png")
+    plt.close()
+
+
+def compute_statistics(data: np.array, generated: np.array):
+    data_centers = []
+    num_bad_samples = 0
+    # for centers in map(detect_circle_centers, data):
+    #     if len(centers) == 2:
+    #         data_centers.append(np.array(centers))
+    #     else:
+    #         num_bad_samples += 1
+    with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=8) as executor:
+        for centers in executor.map(detect_circle_centers, data, chunksize=8):
+            if len(centers) == 2:
+                data_centers.append(np.array(centers))
+            else:
+                num_bad_samples += 1
+
+    if num_bad_samples > 0:
+        print("num bad samples in data: ", num_bad_samples)
+
+    data_centers = np.stack(data_centers, axis=0)  # (num_samples, 2, 2)
+
+    num_bad_samples = 0
+    generated_centers = []
+    with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=16) as executor:
+        for centers in executor.map(detect_circle_centers, generated, chunksize=8):
+            if len(centers) == 2:
+                generated_centers.append(np.array(centers))
+            else:
+                num_bad_samples += 1
+
+    if num_bad_samples > 0:
+        print("num bad samples in generated: ", num_bad_samples)
+
+    generated_centers = np.stack(generated_centers, axis=0)  # (num_samples, 2, 2)
+
+    # Calculate distances from the center of the image
+    # image_center = IMAGE_SIZE / 2
+    # data_distances = np.sqrt(
+    #     (data_centers[:, 0] - image_center) ** 2
+    #     + (data_centers[:, 1] - image_center) ** 2
+    # )
+    # generated_distances = np.sqrt(
+    #     (generated_centers[:, 0] - image_center) ** 2
+    #     + (generated_centers[:, 1] - image_center) ** 2
+    # )
+
+    # Create a figure with subplots
+
+    plt.figure(figsize=(15, 10))
+
+    # Plot histogram of x positions
+    plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
+    sns.histplot(
+        data_centers[:, :, 0].reshape(-1),
+        color="blue",
+        label="Data",
+        kde=True,
+        stat="density",
+    )
+    sns.histplot(
+        generated_centers[:, :, 0].reshape(-1),
+        color="orange",
+        label="Generated",
+        kde=True,
+        stat="density",
+    )
+    plt.title("X Position Distribution")
+    plt.xlabel("X Position")
+    plt.legend()
+
+    # Plot histogram of y positions
+    plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
+    sns.histplot(
+        data_centers[:, :, 1].reshape(-1),
+        color="blue",
+        label="Data",
+        kde=True,
+        stat="density",
+    )
+    sns.histplot(
+        generated_centers[:, :, 1].reshape(-1),
+        color="orange",
+        label="Generated",
+        kde=True,
+        stat="density",
+    )
+    plt.title("Y Position Distribution")
+    plt.xlabel("Y Position")
+    plt.legend()
+
+    # Plot histogram of distances
+    plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
+    distances = np.sqrt(
+        np.square(data_centers[:, ::2, 0] - data_centers[:, 1::2, 0])
+        + np.square(data_centers[:, ::2, 1] - data_centers[:, 1::2, 1])
+    ).squeeze()
+    generated_distances = np.sqrt(
+        np.square(generated_centers[:, ::2, 0] - generated_centers[:, 1::2, 0])
+        + np.square(generated_centers[:, ::2, 1] - generated_centers[:, 1::2, 1])
+    ).squeeze()
+    sns.histplot(distances, color="blue", label="Data", kde=True, stat="density")
+    sns.histplot(
+        generated_distances, color="orange", label="Generated", kde=True, stat="density"
+    )
+    plt.title("Distance between circles distribution")
+    plt.xlabel("Distance")
+    plt.legend()
+
+    # Plot 2D heatmap of center positions
+    plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
+    sns.kdeplot(
+        x=data_centers[:, :, 0].reshape(-1),
+        y=data_centers[:, :, 1].reshape(-1),
+        cmap="Blues",
+        label="Data",
+    )
+    sns.kdeplot(
+        x=generated_centers[:, :, 0].reshape(-1),
+        y=generated_centers[:, :, 1].reshape(-1),
+        cmap="Oranges",
+        label="Generated",
+    )
+    plt.title("2D Heatmap of Center Positions")
+    plt.xlabel("X Position")
+    plt.ylabel("Y Position")
+    plt.xlim(0, IMAGE_SIZE)
+    plt.ylim(0, IMAGE_SIZE)
+    plt.legend()
+
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    plt.savefig("media/center_statistics.png")
+    print("Saved histograms at media/center_statistics.png")
+    plt.close()
+
+
+def load_dataset(data_path: str):
+    print("Loading dataset...", end="", flush=True)
+    data = np.load(data_path)
+    print("Done.")
+    return data
+
+
+def plot_bad_centers(generated: np.array):
+    generated_centers = []
+    num_bad_samples = 0
+    with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=16) as executor:
+        for centers in executor.map(detect_circle_centers, generated, chunksize=8):
+            if len(centers) == 2:
+                generated_centers.append(np.array(centers))
+            else:
+                num_bad_samples += 1
+                generated_centers.append(np.zeros((2, 2)))
+
+    if num_bad_samples > 0:
+        print("num bad samples in generated: ", num_bad_samples)
+
+    generated_centers = np.stack(generated_centers, axis=0)  # (num_samples, 2, 2)
+    generated_distances = np.sqrt(
+        np.square(generated_centers[:, ::2, 0] - generated_centers[:, 1::2, 0])
+        + np.square(generated_centers[:, ::2, 1] - generated_centers[:, 1::2, 1])
+    ).squeeze()
+
+    mask = generated_distances > 18.0
+    generated = generated[mask]
+    show_images(generated)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    torch.set_float32_matmul_precision("high")
+
     plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
 
-    params = get_diffusion_params(TIMESTEPS, device, eta=0.0)
-
-    model = UNet(32, TIMESTEPS).to(device)
-    model.load_state_dict(torch.load("model.pkl", weights_only=True))
-
-    model.eval()
-    generated_images = (
-        ddim_sample_images(  # change to ddim_sample_images here to enable DDIM
-            model=model,
-            image_size=IMAGE_SIZE,
-            batch_size=16,
-            channels=CHANNELS,
-            device=device,
-            params=params,
-        )
-    )
-    show_images(generated_images, title="Generated Images")
+    data = load_dataset("./data/circle_dataset/data32.npy")
+
+    if GENERATE_SYNTHETIC_DATA:
+        nb_synthetic_samples = 10_000
+        params = get_diffusion_params(TIMESTEPS, device, eta=0.0)
+
+        model = UNet(32, TIMESTEPS).to(device)
+        model.load_state_dict(torch.load("model.pkl", weights_only=True))
+
+        model.eval()
+        generated = np.empty_like(data)
+        chunk = 500
+        samples = min(nb_synthetic_samples, data.shape[0])
+        for i in tqdm(range(samples // chunk), desc="Generating synthetic data."):
+            generated_images = ddpm_sample_images(
+                model=model,
+                image_size=IMAGE_SIZE,
+                batch_size=chunk,
+                channels=3,
+                device=device,
+                params=params,
+            )
+            generated_images = torch.permute(generated_images, (0, 2, 3, 1))
+            generated[i * chunk : (i + 1) * chunk] = (
+                (generated_images * 255.0)
+                .clip(min=0.0, max=255.0)
+                .cpu()
+                .numpy()
+                .astype(np.uint8)
+            )
+        np.save("./data/circle_dataset/generated32.npy", generated)
+    else:
+        generated = np.load("./data/circle_dataset/generated32.npy")
 
-    # Keep the plot open after generation is finished
-    plt.show()
+    compute_statistics(data, generated)
+    plot_bad_centers(generated)

src/ddpm/train.py

@@ -1,46 +1,40 @@
 from typing import Dict, Callable
+from itertools import islice
+import numpy as np
 import torch
-from torchvision import datasets, transforms
 from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
 from tqdm import tqdm
 from model import UNet
 
-# Set random seed for reproducibility
-torch.manual_seed(42)
-device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
-
 # Hyperparameters
-NUM_EPOCHS = 256
-BATCH_SIZE = 128
+NUM_EPOCHS = 1
+BATCH_SIZE = 512
 IMAGE_SIZE = 32
 CHANNELS = 3
 TIMESTEPS = 1000
-DDIM_TIMESTEPS = 100
+DDIM_TIMESTEPS = 500
 
-NORM_MEAN = (0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465)
-NORM_STD = (0.2470, 0.2435, 0.2616)
 
+def load_dataset(data_path: str):
+    print("Loading dataset... ", end="", flush=True)
+    data = np.load(data_path).astype(np.float32)
+    data = data / 255.0  # normalize between [0-1]
+    data = np.permute_dims(data, (0, 3, 1, 2))  # (b, h, w, c) -> (b, c, h, w)
+    print("Done.")
+    return data
 
-def count_parameters(model):
-    return sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)
 
+def create_dataset_loader(data: np.array):
+    nb_batches = data.shape[0] // BATCH_SIZE
+    ids = np.arange(data.shape[0])
 
-transform = transforms.Compose(
-    [
-        transforms.Resize(IMAGE_SIZE),
-        transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(0.5),
-        transforms.ToTensor(),
-        transforms.Normalize(NORM_MEAN, NORM_STD),
-    ]
-)
+    for i in range(nb_batches):
+        batch_ids = ids[i * BATCH_SIZE : (i + 1) * BATCH_SIZE]
+        yield data[batch_ids]
 
-train_dataset = datasets.CIFAR10(
-    root="./data", train=True, download=True, transform=transform
-)
 
-train_loader = DataLoader(
-    train_dataset, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True, num_workers=8, pin_memory=True
-)
+def count_parameters(model):
+    return sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)
 
 
 def get_diffusion_params(
@@ -91,7 +85,28 @@ def extract(a: torch.Tensor, t: torch.Tensor, x_shape: torch.Tensor.shape):
     return out.reshape(batch_size, *((1,) * (len(x_shape) - 1))).to(t.device)
 
 
+def get_lr(
+    it: int,
+    warmup_iters: int = 80,
+    lr_decay_iters: int = 900,
+    min_lr: float = 3e-5,
+    learning_rate: float = 1e-4,
+):
+    # 1) linear warmup for warmup_iters steps
+    if it < warmup_iters:
+        return learning_rate * (it + 1) / (warmup_iters + 1)
+    # 2) if it > lr_decay_iters, return min learning rate
+    if it > lr_decay_iters:
+        return min_lr
+    # 3) in between, use cosine decay down to min learning rate
+    decay_ratio = (it - warmup_iters) / (lr_decay_iters - warmup_iters)
+    assert 0 <= decay_ratio <= 1
+    coeff = 0.5 * (1.0 + np.cos(np.pi * decay_ratio))  # coeff ranges 0..1
+    return min_lr + coeff * (learning_rate - min_lr)
+
+
 def get_loss_fn(model: torch.nn.Module, params: Dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> Callable:
+    @torch.compile
     def loss_fn(x_0):
         batch_size = x_0.shape[0]
         t = torch.randint(0, TIMESTEPS, (batch_size,), device=device)
@@ -116,9 +131,13 @@ def train_epoch(
     model.train()
     total_loss = 0
 
-    with tqdm(train_loader, leave=False) as pbar:
+    with tqdm(islice(train_loader, 200), leave=False) as pbar:
+        steps = 0
         for batch in pbar:
-            images = batch[0].to(device)
+            # lr = get_lr(steps)
+            # for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
+            #     param_group["lr"] = lr
+            images = torch.tensor(batch, device=device)
             optimizer.zero_grad()
 
             loss = loss_fn(images)
@@ -126,12 +145,19 @@ def train_epoch(
             optimizer.step()
 
             total_loss += loss.item()
+            steps += 1
             pbar.set_description(f"Loss: {loss.item():.4f}")
 
-    return total_loss / len(train_loader)
+    return total_loss / steps
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    torch.set_float32_matmul_precision("high")
+
+    # Set random seed for reproducibility
+    torch.manual_seed(42)
+    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+
     model = UNet(32, TIMESTEPS).to(device)
     nb_params = count_parameters(model)
     print(f"Total number of parameters: {nb_params}")
@@ -140,8 +166,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     params = get_diffusion_params(TIMESTEPS, device)
     loss_fn = get_loss_fn(model, params)
 
+    data = load_dataset("./data/circle_dataset/data32.npy")
+
     # Main training loop
     for e in tqdm(range(NUM_EPOCHS)):
+        train_loader = create_dataset_loader(data)
         train_epoch(model, optimizer, train_loader, loss_fn)
 
     # Save model after training

uv.lock

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "matplotlib" },
     { name = "numpy" },
     { name = "pyqt6" },
+    { name = "scipy" },
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@@ -78,6 +80,8 @@ requires-dist = [
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     { name = "numpy", specifier = ">=2.1.2" },
     { name = "pyqt6", specifier = ">=6.7.1" },
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     { name = "torchvision", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
     { name = "tqdm", specifier = ">=4.66.5" },
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